Half of Asian American residents living in New York City personally experienced hate because of their race or ethnicity in 2023, a new survey said.

Conducted by The Asian American Foundation, the survey found that 1 in 2 Asian Americans living in the city reported personally experiencing either insults, harassment, threats or a physical attack in the past 12 months because of their race or ethnicity.

According to the survey, one in five of the respondents reported having been physically assaulted due to their race or ethnicity over that same time period.

“The anti-Asian hate rhetoric and violence that targeted the AAPI community in 2020 has not stopped,” Norman Chen, CEO of TAAF, said in a statement. 

“We’re seeing this in the continued hate, violence, and distrust towards Asian Americans New Yorkers. The othering of our community contributes not only to discrimination and prejudice in public spaces, but also erodes any efforts toward equity and inclusivity for AAPIs. The Asian American community is still grappling for a true sense of safety and belonging, and TAAF is determined to do more,” he said.

The survey also found three out of every four Asian Americans in New York reported changing habits and behaviors out of fear of being targeted for being Asian American, and more than 70% said they felt unsafe in public settings at one point or another due to their race or ethnicity.

Additionally, 54% of those surveyed and who experienced a hate crime did not report it to local law enforcement.

A majority of those surveyed said better relations with police was “very or extremely” necessary, and increased awareness and accessibility of mental health and legal services such as pro bono legal aid might help in the immediate future.

The survey is a sample based on interviews with 1,000 city-based Asian American respondents, age 16 years old and up. It was conducted between Nov. 30 and Dec. 19, 2023.